Yearbook of Global Climate Action 2025 Marrakech Partnership for Global Climate Action
The 30th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 30) to the UNFCCC marks the 10-year anniversary of the adoption of the Paris Agreement, a landmark achievement in multilateral cooperation towards tackling the climate crisis. Much has advanced in the past decade, but much remains to be done to get the world on track to meet the longterm temperature goal of the Agreement. In that sense, a total of 64 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) were considered by 30 September 2025 as the next generation of NDCs. Nearly all of them were informed by the outcome of the first Global Stocktake (GST), which provided an assessment of the collective progress towards achieving the Paris Agreement goals. The GST also provided a roadmap for global climate action to align itself with these goals, by pointing out gaps to bridge, barriers to overcome and opportunities to replicate and scale up. The new NDCs reflect a deepening and more structured engagement of non-Party stakeholders (NPS) in climate action, with 95 per cent of Parties reporting engagement of NPS in NDC implementation. The crucial contribution of NPS to global climate action was recognized earlier in the UNFCCC process, with the appointment of Climate High-Level Champions (CHLC) in 2015 and the launch of the Marrakech Partnership for Global Climate Action (MP) the following year. At COP 29, the mandate of the CHLC was renewed until 2030, and as a result, a new proposed five-year vision was developed to guide the work going forward – a vision informed by the COP 30 Climate Action Agenda proposed by the Brazilian Presidency in the spirit of mutirão (collective action), and supported by the COP 29 CHLC. This Agenda, organized into six thematic axes and 30 key objectives centred around the GST outcome, seeks to encourage accelerated implementation and enhanced transparency, building on the negotiated outcomes of the UNFCCC process. The 2025 Yearbook – the ninth iteration of its series – has been structured around these axes and objectives, with the purpose of providing a progress-looking report aligned with the Global Climate Action Agenda and the first GST outcome. Each chapter thus addresses a Climate Action Agenda axis, with a final chapter presenting a forward-looking approach to track progress and drive implementation. Each of the axis-oriented chapters in turn presents four sections, summarized below.